月经不调
Alias月经紊乱
Traditional Chinese Medicine Definition
In traditional Chinese medicine, irregular menstruation is referred to as "menstrual disorder," which denotes a pathological condition where women experience abnormal changes in the menstrual cycle, including the regularity, duration, amount, and color of menstrual flow. According to the "Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine," irregular menstruation can manifest as early menstruation, delayed menstruation, irregular menstrual cycles, excessive menstrual bleeding, scanty menstrual bleeding, prolonged menstrual periods, and intermenstrual bleeding, among others. It is one of the common gynecological disorders.
In clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, the core pathogenesis of irregular menstruation is often associated with deficiencies in the liver and kidney, as well as disharmony of Qi and blood. Common precipitating factors include emotional disturbances, irregular diet, and imbalance in work and rest. During the differential diagnosis, attention should be paid to distinguishing between cold and heat, deficiency and excess, such as blood heat manifesting as early menstruation with excessive flow, bright red color, and thick consistency, accompanied by irritability and thirst; blood deficiency presenting as delayed menstruation, scanty flow, pale color, dizziness, palpitations, and sallow complexion; Qi deficiency showing early menstruation, excessive flow, pale color, fatigue, shortness of breath, and lack of speech; and Qi stagnation presenting as irregular menstrual cycles, fullness in the chest and hypochondria, and unsmooth menstrual flow. The overall approach to treatment suggests adhering to the principle of differential diagnosis and treatment, adopting corresponding therapeutic methods based on different patterns, such as tonifying Qi and controlling bleeding, nourishing blood and Qi, clearing heat and cooling blood, and soothing the liver and regulating Qi, in order to harmonize Qi and blood and adjust the menstrual cycle.
Common Syndrome Types and Key Points of Differentiation
气虚证
Main Manifestations：月经先期，量多色淡，神疲乏力，气短懒言
Management Approach：补气摄血，固冲调经
血虚证
Main Manifestations：月经后期，量少色淡，头晕心悸，面色萎黄
Management Approach：养血益气，调经补血
血热证
Main Manifestations：月经先期量多，色红质稠，心烦口渴
Management Approach：清热凉血，固冲调经
气滞证
Main Manifestations：月经先后不定期，胸胁胀满，经行不畅
Management Approach：疏肝理气，和血调经
The above syndrome information is based on traditional Chinese medicine textbooks and clinical standards. Specific differentiation should be completed by a practicing traditional Chinese medicine physician in person.
Physician's Clinical Insights
The adjustment of menstruation for patients with irregular menstruation should be tailored to individual constitution, with a focus on maintaining the balance of Yin and Yang.
— 范立 中医执业助理医师
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This page is for the popular science of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge and does not constitute medical advice. Specific diagnosis should be completed by a licensed traditional Chinese medicine practitioner in person.
参考文献：《中医内科学》（十三五规划教材）、《中医病证诊断疗效标准》(ZY/T001.1-94)、《中医病证分类与代码》(GB/T 15657-2021)