关格
Alias肾衰竭
Traditional Chinese Medicine Definition
Guange, also known as renal failure, falls under the category of kidney-related diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). According to the classic text "Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine," Guange is characterized by the decline of kidney Qi, leading to dysregulation of opening and closing, abnormal fluid metabolism, resulting in oliguria, anuria, or urinary retention. The accumulation of fluid within the body may lead to edema. The pathogenesis of Guange is centered around the decline of kidney Qi, involving multiple organs such as the spleen, lung, and Sanjiao.
In clinical practice of TCM, the core pathogenesis of Guange is the decline of kidney Qi, which leads to the dysregulation of opening and closing and fluid metabolism. Common precipitating factors include long-term illness, overexertion, irregular diet, and emotional disturbances. During the process of differentiation, it is essential to differentiate between cold and heat, as well as deficiency and excess. The syndrome of spleen and kidney Yang deficiency is characterized by oliguria or anuria, general edema, dark complexion, fatigue, and aversion to cold. The treatment approach is to warm and tonify the spleen and kidney, transform dampness, and reduce turbidity. The syndrome of liver and kidney Yin deficiency is manifested by scanty urine, dizziness, tinnitus, dry mouth, and throat. The treatment approach is to nourish the liver and kidney, benefit Yin, and reduce turbidity. Overall, the treatment of Guange should focus on holistic treatment, emphasizing the restoration of organ functions such as the spleen, liver, and kidney, to restore the balance of fluid metabolism.
Common Syndrome Types and Key Points of Differentiation
脾肾阳虚证
Main Manifestations：少尿或无尿，全身浮肿，面色晦暗，神疲畏寒
Management Approach：温补脾肾，化湿降浊
肝肾阴虚证
Main Manifestations：小便短少，头晕耳鸣，口干咽燥
Management Approach：滋补肝肾，益阴降浊
The above syndrome information is based on traditional Chinese medicine textbooks and clinical standards. Specific differentiation should be completed by a practicing traditional Chinese medicine physician in person.
Physician's Clinical Insights
For patients with Guange, the condition of the complexion, mental state, and degree of edema are key indicators for assessing the progression of the disease.
— 范立 中医执业助理医师
Guidance for Nearby Treatment
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This page is for the popular science of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge and does not constitute medical advice. Specific diagnosis should be completed by a licensed traditional Chinese medicine practitioner in person.
参考文献：《中医内科学》（十三五规划教材）、《中医病证诊断疗效标准》(ZY/T001.1-94)、《中医病证分类与代码》(GB/T 15657-2021)