癃闭
Alias排尿困难
Traditional Chinese Medicine Definition
In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the condition known as "difficult urination" or "enuresis" falls under the category of kidney-related diseases. According to the "Textbook of Internal Medicine in TCM," difficult urination refers to a condition where the volume of urine is reduced or there is a complete absence of urination, with the etiology often related to dysfunction of the kidney and bladder, characterized by an imbalance in Qi transformation. Clinical manifestations include frequent urination, urgency, dysuria, difficulty in urination, or even complete urinary retention.
Difficult urination is a common urological disorder in TCM clinical practice, with its core pathogenesis being insufficient kidney Qi and weak Qi transformation, leading to dysfunction of the bladder's Qi transformation. Common precipitating factors include external invasion of damp-heat, irregular diet, and emotional disorders. In the process of differentiation, attention must be paid to distinguishing between cold and heat, deficiency and excess, such as damp-heat in the bladder, which presents with dribbling urine, distension of the lower abdomen, bitter and sticky taste in the mouth; and lung heat congestion, which manifests as poor urine flow, dry throat, thirst, and rapid breathing. The therapeutic approach is primarily focused on clearing heat and dampness, promoting urination, clearing lung heat, and benefiting the waterways. In TCM clinical practice, it is emphasized that treatment should be tailored to different patterns of syndrome to restore the normal Qi transformation function of the bladder.
Common Syndrome Types and Key Points of Differentiation
膀胱湿热证
Main Manifestations：小便点滴不通，小腹胀满，口苦口黏
Management Approach：清热利湿，通利小便
肺热壅盛证
Main Manifestations：小便不畅，咽干烦渴，呼吸急促
Management Approach：清肺热，利水道
The above syndrome information is based on traditional Chinese medicine textbooks and clinical standards. Specific differentiation should be completed by a practicing traditional Chinese medicine physician in person.
Physician's Clinical Insights
For patients with difficult urination, the quantity and color of urine, as well as the pain during urination, can help analyze the pathogenesis.
— 朱永兵 中医执业医师
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This page is for the popular science of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge and does not constitute medical advice. Specific diagnosis should be completed by a licensed traditional Chinese medicine practitioner in person.
参考文献：《中医内科学》（十三五规划教材）、《中医病证诊断疗效标准》(ZY/T001.1-94)、《中医病证分类与代码》(GB/T 15657-2021)