呃逆
Alias打嗝
Traditional Chinese Medicine Definition
Erbrechen, also known as hiccups, is a common disease syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that is believed to be caused by the upward movement of stomach Qi, affecting the diaphragm. According to the "Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine," "Erbrechen is characterized by the upward movement of stomach Qi, affecting the diaphragm, and is often due to irregular diet, emotional disturbances, and weakness of the spleen and stomach."
In clinical practice of TCM, the core pathogenesis of hiccups is the upward movement of stomach Qi, affecting the diaphragm. Common triggers include irregular diet, emotional disturbances, and weakness of the spleen and stomach. During diagnosis, attention should be paid to the following key points:
1. Cold and heat, deficiency and excess: Cold in the stomach manifests as deep, forceful hiccups, exacerbated by cold and alleviated by warmth; upward movement of stomach fire is characterized by loud, forceful hiccups, halitosis, thirst, and constipation; Qi stagnation manifests as continuous hiccups, often triggered or exacerbated by emotional disturbances.
2. Key points for diagnosis: Observe the nature of the hiccups, accompanying symptoms, and triggers to determine the type of disease syndrome.
3. Treatment direction: Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the treatment of hiccups should follow principles such as warming the middle-jiao, dispersing cold, clearing heat from the stomach, resolving Qi stagnation, harmonizing the stomach, and reversing the upward movement of Qi, aiming to harmonize the spleen and stomach and restore the normal flow of stomach Qi.
Common Syndrome Types and Key Points of Differentiation
胃中寒冷证
Main Manifestations：呃声沉缓有力，遇寒加重，得热减轻
Management Approach：温中散寒，降逆止呃
胃火上逆证
Main Manifestations：呃声洪亮有力，口臭烦渴，大便秘结
Management Approach：清胃泄热，降逆止呃
气机郁滞证
Main Manifestations：呃逆连声，每因情志不畅而诱发或加重
Management Approach：顺气解郁，和胃降逆
The above syndrome information is based on traditional Chinese medicine textbooks and clinical standards. Specific differentiation should be completed by a practicing traditional Chinese medicine physician in person.
Physician's Clinical Insights
In treating hiccups, it is often necessary to regulate Qi and harmonize the stomach, while also paying attention to the transformation of liver Qi stagnation into fire.
— 王正香 中医执业医师
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This page is for the popular science of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge and does not constitute medical advice. Specific diagnosis should be completed by a licensed traditional Chinese medicine practitioner in person.
参考文献：《中医内科学》（十三五规划教材）、《中医病证诊断疗效标准》(ZY/T001.1-94)、《中医病证分类与代码》(GB/T 15657-2021)